_Carotid Case Studies:

• Normal Examination overview
• Web stenosis at bifurcation
• CCA Occlusion
• Innominate artery occlusion
• Vertebral artery disease
• Non-pathologic cardiac effects on duplex/color exam
• Vessel tortuosity
• Carotid endarterectomy
• Pseudoaneurysm
• Post-endarterectomy flap
• Stent evaluation including stent re-stenosis

_Carotid Stenosis Assessments:

• Documentation
• Assessing Stenosis
• Hemodynamic Effects of Stenosis
• Diagnostic Criteria: Peak Systolic Velocity, End-Diastolic Velocity, ICA/CCA Ratio: What do the Numbers Mean?
• NASCET Criteria
• SRU Criteria
• Doppler Criteria for ICA Stenosis / IAC-Vascular Testing
• How to Categorize Cerebrovascular Disease
• Examination Documentation Required by IAC for Vascular Lab Accreditation
• Accurately Apply the Diagnostic Criteria

_Introduction Transcranial Doppler ultrasound

• Doppler Principles/Doppler Equation
• Doppler Interrogation Angle
• Doppler Instrumentation: Pulsed Wave, Continuous Wave, Color Doppler, Power Doppler
• Doppler Artifacts
• Optimization of Doppler/Color Controls
• Analyzing the Color Doppler Information
• Power Doppler Indications and Applications
• TCD Neuroanatomy
• Normal Flow Characteristics & Velocity Ranges
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Aneurysm Rupture
• Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
• Pulsatility Index and TCD
• Cerebral Circulatory Arrest
• TCD/Cerebrovascular Disease: Stenosis, Collateral Competency
• Microemboli and PFO
• Emboli Monitoring Techniques
• Vasomotor Reactivity, Surgery Monitoring, and Specialty Testing
• Sickle Cell and TCD
• TCD Examination Techniques
• Vasospasm
• Traumatic Brain Injuries
• Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Testing

_Normal Carotid Duplex Examination

• Cerebrovascular Disease Progression & Clinical Indications
• Symptoms/Neurological Deficit Classification
• Normal Carotid Anatomy
• Spectral Waveform Anatomy/Flow Characteristics
• Measurements
• Exam Performance Guidelines/Imaging Protocol

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